经常有需求向表中导入大量的数据，使用insert不靠谱，太慢了，oracle提供了sqlldr的工具
也有时需要讲数据导入到文本，oracle的spool可以轻松实现oracle导出数据到txt、txt导入数据到oracle
这里用all_objects表做测试
(资料图片)
SQL> desc all_objects; Name Null? Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- OWNER NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30) OBJECT_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30) SUBOBJECT_NAME VARCHAR2(30) OBJECT_ID NOT NULL NUMBER DATA_OBJECT_ID NUMBER OBJECT_TYPE VARCHAR2(19) CREATED NOT NULL DATE LAST_DDL_TIME NOT NULL DATE TIMESTAMP VARCHAR2(19) STATUS VARCHAR2(7) TEMPORARY VARCHAR2(1) GENERATED VARCHAR2(1) SECONDARY VARCHAR2(1)
拿object_id,object_name做导出、导入测试
这里需要一些设置满足数据导出的样式
viexp_table.sql
set line 1000 --设置行的长度 set pagesize 0 --输出不换页 set feedback off --默认的当一条sql发出的时候，oracle会给一个反馈，比如说创建表的时候，如果成功命令行会返回类似：Table created的反馈,off后不显示反馈 set heading off --不显示表头信息 set trimspool on --如果trimspool设置为on，将移除spool文件中的尾部空 set trims on --去掉空字符 set echo off; --显示start启动的脚本中的每个sql命令，缺省为on set colsep "|" --设置分隔符 set termout off --不在屏幕上显示结果 spool db1.txt --记录数据到db1.txt select object_id,object_name from all_objects; --导出数据语句 spool off --收集完毕 exit
一切就绪后导出数据
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlplus test/test @exp_table.sql SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jun 13 16:35:14 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options [oracle@centos5 ~]$ sed -i "s/ //g" db1.txt --可选，去除每行开头部分的空格 [oracle@centos5 ~]$ more db1.txt 20|ICOL$ 44|I_USER1 28|CON$ 15|UNDO$ 29|C_COBJ# 3|I_OBJ# 25|PROXY_ROLE_DATA$
导出后检查数据的记录数是否正确
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ cat db1.txt |wc -l
49988
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlplus test/test
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jun 13 16:36:21 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select count(*) from all_objects;
COUNT(*)
----------
49988 --数据正确sqlldr是通过一个control文件设定后，从文本导入数据
建立一张测试表
SQL> create table tb_sqlldr (id number,name varchar2(50)); Table created.
建立一个control文件
vi tb_sqlldr.ctl
load data infile "db1.txt" --数据来源文本 append into table tb_sqlldr --数据导入到表tb_sqldr中，导入方式为追加，如果想覆盖 fields terminated by "|" --4、字段终止于X"09"，是一个制表符(tab) (id,name) --定义对应的字段名称，注意顺序
导入数据分成四种模式，可以根据需求选择：
APPEND // 原先的表有数据 就加在后面
INSERT // 装载空表 如果原先的表有数据 sqlloader会停止 默认值
REPLACE // 原先的表有数据 原先的数据会全部删除
TRUNCATE // 指定的内容和replace的相同 会用truncate语句删除现存数据
执行导入操作
sqlldr userid=test/test control=tb_sqlldr.ctl
差不多5w的数据短短2s解决
执行导入后验证数据
SQL> select count(*) from tb_sqlldr;
COUNT(*)
----------
49988导入成功
再执行一次导入操作，由于设置为追加
SQL> select count(*) from tb_sqlldr;
COUNT(*)
----------
99976记录翻倍
sqlldr还有很多参数供选择，比如log、bad这些，查看帮助即可
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlldr
SQL*Loader: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jun 13 17:07:26 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Usage: SQLLDR keyword=value [,keyword=value,...]
Valid Keywords:
userid -- ORACLE username/password
control -- control file name
log -- log file name
bad -- bad file name
data -- data file name
discard -- discard file name
discardmax -- number of discards to allow (Default all)
skip -- number of logical records to skip (Default 0)
load -- number of logical records to load (Default all)
errors -- number of errors to allow (Default 50)
rows -- number of rows in conventional path bind array or between direct path data saves
(Default: Conventional path 64, Direct path all)
bindsize -- size of conventional path bind array in bytes (Default 256000)
silent -- suppress messages during run (header,feedback,errors,discards,partitions)
direct -- use direct path (Default FALSE)
parfile -- parameter file: name of file that contains parameter specifications
parallel -- do parallel load (Default FALSE)
file -- file to allocate extents from
skip_unusable_indexes -- disallow/allow unusable indexes or index partitions (Default FALSE)
skip_index_maintenance -- do not maintain indexes, mark affected indexes as unusable (Default FALSE)
commit_discontinued -- commit loaded rows when load is discontinued (Default FALSE)
readsize -- size of read buffer (Default 1048576)
external_table -- use external table for load; NOT_USED, GENERATE_ONLY, EXECUTE (Default NOT_USED)
columnarrayrows -- number of rows for direct path column array (Default 5000)
streamsize -- size of direct path stream buffer in bytes (Default 256000)
multithreading -- use multithreading in direct path
resumable -- enable or disable resumable for current session (Default FALSE)
resumable_name -- text string to help identify resumable statement
resumable_timeout -- wait time (in seconds) for RESUMABLE (Default 7200)
date_cache -- size (in entries) of date conversion cache (Default 1000)
PLEASE NOTE: Command-line parameters may be specified either by
position or by keywords. An example of the former case is "sqlldr
scott/tiger foo"; an example of the latter is "sqlldr control=foo
userid=scott/tiger". One may specify parameters by position before
but not after parameters specified by keywords. For example,
"sqlldr scott/tiger control=foo logfile=log" is allowed, but
"sqlldr scott/tiger control=foo log" is not, even though the
position of the parameter "log" is correct.到此这篇关于oracle导出数据到文本、从文本导入数据的详细步骤的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关oracle导出数据到文本内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家！
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